synthesis of reference standards and their labelled analogs (stable isotopes)

The triphenylmethane dyes, known for their broad fungicidal and antiparasitic properties, have been widely used in the treatment of aquaculture products. Their high efficacy has contributed to their widespread popularity in aquaculture production.

Leucobrilliant GREEN
However, after their application, metabolites -such as LeucoBrilliant Green (LBG) – become predominant and accumulate in fish tissues.

HARMFUL EFFECTS
Numerous animal studies have demonstrated the negative effects of these substances on human health, like carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and genotoxicity. As a result, the use of these compounds and their leuco metabolites has been banned in aquaculture farming within the European Union.

(See J. Eich et al., Food Addit. Contam. Part A, 2019, 37(1), 84–93 & D. Hurtaud-Pessel et al. , J. Chrom. A, 2011, 1218, 1632–1645.)